Labour History

Endnotes

1.SeeMarian Baird andSue Williamson, ‘Women, Work and Industrial Relations in 2010’, Journal of Industrial Relations, vol.53, no.3, 2011, pp.337-52;Centrelink, ‘Paid Parental Leave Scheme for Working Parents’, available athttp://www.centrelink.gov.au/internet/internet.nsf/individuals/ppl_working_parents.htm, accessed March 2012;Peter Moss andSheila B. Kammerman, ‘Introduction’, inPeter Moss andSheila B. Kammerman(eds), The Politics of Parental Leave Policies,The Policy Press,, 2009, pp.1-13. Google Scholar

2.Moss andKammerman, ‘Introduction’. For a brief description of the difference between parental and maternity leave, seeMarian Baird, ‘Paid Maternity Leave: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly’, Australian Bulletin of Labour, vol.29, no.1, 2003, pp.97-109;Janet C. Gornick andMarcia K. Meyers, Families that Work: Polices for Reconciling Parenthood and Employment,Russell Sage Foundation,, 2003. For domesticity and the role of women seeMelanie Nolan, Breadwinning: New Zealand Women and the State,Canterbury University Press,, 2000;Joan Williams, Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict and What to Do About It,Oxford University Press,, 2000. Google Scholar

3.For the role of unions in family-friendly policy seeJohn W. Budd andKaren Mumford, ‘Trade Unions and Family-Friendly Policies’, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol.57, no.2, 2004, pp.204-22;Abigail Gregory andSusan Milner, ‘Trade Unions and Work-Life Balance: Changing Times in France and the UK?’, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol.47, no.1, 2009, pp.122-46;Katherine Ravenswood andRay Markey, ‘The Role of Unions in Achieving a Family-Friendly Workplace’, Journal of Industrial Relations, vol.53, no.4, 2011, pp.486-503;Mike Rigby andFiona O’Brien, ‘Trade Union Interventions in Work-Life Balance’, Work, Employment and Society, vol.22, no.2, 2010, pp.203-22. Google Scholar

4.Paul Callister andJudith Galtry, ‘Paid Parental Leave in New Zealand: A Short History and Future Policy Options’, Policy Quarterly, vol.2, no.1, 2006, pp.38-46. Google Scholar

5.Ibid.;‘Parental Leave’, in Brookers, Employment Law, Volume 2, (loose-leaf edn),Thompson Reuters,, 2010, pp.12/11-12/714. Google Scholar

6.Sandra Grey, ‘Does Size Matter? Critical Mass and New Zealand’s Women MPs’, Parliamentary Affairs, vol.55, no.1, 2002, pp.19-29. Google Scholar

7.Brian Roper, Prosperity for All? Economic, Social and Political Change in New Zealand since 1935,Thomson Dunmore Press,, 2005, p.20. Google Scholar

8.SeePaul Callister, The Changing Gender Distribution of Paid and Unpaid Work in New Zealand,New Zealand Treasury (Working Paper 05/07),, 2005;Gerard Cotterell,Martin von Randow, andMark Wheldon, Measuring Changes in Family and Whanau Wellbeing Using Census Data, 1981-2006: A Preliminary Analysis,Statistics New Zealand,, 2008;Grey, ‘Does Size Matter?’;Roper, Prosperity for All?; andMarian Sawer, Femocrats and Ecorats: Women’s Policy Machinery in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (Occasional Paper, no.6),, 1996. Google Scholar

9.Marian Baird, ‘Orientations to Paid Maternity Leave: Understanding the Australian Debate’, Journal of Industrial Relations, vol.46, no.3, 2004, pp.259-73. Google Scholar

10.Ibid. Google Scholar

11.Charlotte MacDonald, The Vote, the Pill and the Demon Drink: A History of Feminist Writing in New Zealand, 1869-1993,Bridget Williams Books Limited,, 1993, p.165. Google Scholar

12.SeePat Rosier, Broadsheet: Twenty Years of Broadsheet Magazine,New Women’s Press,, 1992;MacDonald The Vote, the Pill and the Demon Drink;Roper, Prosperity for All?;Sawer, Femocrats and Ecorats. Google Scholar

13.SeeRay Markey, ‘Comparing the Labo(u)r Party in New Zealand and Australia’, Labour History, no.95, November2008, pp.69-95;Rosier, Broadsheet. Google Scholar

14.Toni Church, ‘The Mother’s Benefit’, Broadsheet, vol.23, October1974, cited in Rosier, Broadsheet, p.246. The domestic purposes benefit is a weekly payment made by the state usually to a sole parent of a child or children who is not in paid work. Google Scholar

15.Gordon Anderson andMichael Quinlan, ‘The Changing Role of the State: Regulating Work in Australia and New Zealand 1788-2007’, Labour History, no.95, November2008, pp.111-32.;Sheila Kamerman andAlfred Kahn, ‘Introduction’, inSheila Kamerman andAlfred Kahn(eds), Family Change and Family Policies in Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand and the United States,Clarendon Press,, 1997, pp.1-28. Google Scholar

16.Jim Bolger, Maternity Leave and Employment Protection Bill, New Zealand Parliamentary Debate(NZPD), vol.427, 1979, p.4459. Google Scholar

17.Ibid. Google Scholar

18.Jim McLay, Ibid., vol.427, 1979, p.4459. Google Scholar

19.SeeBatchelor, Ibid., vol.430, 1980, p.953. Google Scholar

20.Kerry Burke, Ibid., vol.436, 1980, p.5512. Google Scholar

21.Ann Hercus, Ibid., vol.436, 1980, p.5518. Google Scholar

22.Aussie Malcolm, Ibid., vol.436, 1980, p.5519 Google Scholar

23.Mary Batchelor, Ibid., vol.427, 1979, p.4461. Google Scholar

24.Melanie Nolan refers to a strong sense of the importance of family and children in 1970s New Zealand; seeNolan, Breadwinning. Google Scholar

25.MacDonald, The Vote, the Pill and the Demon Drink. Google Scholar

26.SeeMarkey, ‘Comparing the Labo(u)r Party in New Zealand and Australia’;B. Ellem andP. Franks, ‘Trade Union Structure and Politics in Australia and New Zealand’, Labour History, no.95, 2008, pp.43-67;Roper, Prosperity for All? Google Scholar

27.SeeMarkey, ‘Comparing the Labo(u)r Party in New Zealand and Australia’, p.87. ‘Rogernomics’ is a neologism to describe the neo-liberal approach adopted by the Labour Government. It was so called because of the significant influence of the Minister of Finance Roger Douglas. Google Scholar

28.Francis G. Castles,Rolf Gerritsen andJack Vowles, ‘Introduction: Setting the Scene for Economic and Political Change’, inFrancis G. Castles,Rolf Gerritsen andJack Vowles(eds), The Great Experiment: Labour Parties and Public Policy Transformation in Australia and New Zealand,Auckland University Press,, 1996, pp.1-21. Google Scholar

29.SeeFred Deven andPeter Moss, ‘Leave Arrangements for Parents: Overview and Future Outlook’, Community, Work and Family, vol.5, no.3, 2002, pp.237-55;Roper, Prosperity for All? Google Scholar

30.Jennifer Curtin andMarian Sawer, ‘Gender Equity in the Shrinking State: Women and the Great Experiment’, inCastles,Gerritsen andVowles(eds), The Great Experiment, p.153. Google Scholar

31. Parental Leave and Employment Protection Bill, NZPD, vol.476, 1987, p.5785. Google Scholar

32.Kerry Burke, Ibid., vol.482, 1987, pp.10101-102. Google Scholar

33.Ibid. Google Scholar

34.Katherine O’Regan, Ibid., vol.476, 1986, p.5792. Google Scholar

35.Ibid., vol.476, 1987, p.5786. Google Scholar

36.Fred Gerbic, Ibid., vol.481, 1987, p.9527. Google Scholar

37.William Birch, Ibid., vol.476, 1986, p.5790. Google Scholar

38.Ibid. Google Scholar

39.SeeCurtin andSawer, ‘Gender Equity in the Shrinking State’. Google Scholar

40.SeeGrey, ‘Does Size Matter?’, p.26. Google Scholar

41.SeeAnderson andQuinlan, ‘The Changing Role of the State’;Ellem andFranks, 2008;Grey, ‘Does Size Matter?’;Markey, ‘Comparing the Labo(u)r Party in New Zealand and Australia’. Google Scholar

42.SeeEllem andFranks, 2008;Markey, ‘Comparing the Labo(u)r Party in New Zealand and Australia’. Google Scholar

43.Katherine Ravenswood, ‘The Role of the State in Family-Friendly Policy: An Analysis of Labour-Led Government Policy’, New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, vol.33, no.3, 2008, pp.34-44. Google Scholar

44.Jarrod Haar andChester Spell, ‘The Influence of Media Attention Towards Family-Friendly Practices: Was New Zealand’s Paid Parental Leave a Family Friendly Fashion Whose Time had Come?’, The New Zealand Journal of Human Resources Management, vol.3, 2003, pp.1-23. Google Scholar

45.SeeDeven andMoss, ‘Leave Arrangements for Parents’. Google Scholar

46.Laila Harré, Parental Leave and Employment Protection (Paid Parental Leave) Amendment Bill, NZPD, vol.597, 2001, p.13896. Google Scholar

47.Anne Tolley, Ibid., vol.599, 2002, p.15245. Google Scholar

48.Anne Tolley, Ibid., vol.597, 2001, p.13898. Google Scholar

49.Dianne Yates, Ibid., vol.597, 2001, p.13898. Google Scholar

50.Sue Kedgley, Ibid., vol.597, 2001, p.13904. Google Scholar

51.Hon. Laila Harré, Ibid., vol.597, 2001, pp.13894-95. Google Scholar

52.Anne Tolley, Ibid., vol.599, 2002, p.15244. Google Scholar

53.Laila Harré, Ibid., vol.597, 2001, p.13895. Google Scholar

54.Penny Webster, Ibid., vol.597, 2001, p.13900. Google Scholar

55.Sue Kedgley, Ibid., vol.597, 2001, p.13902. Google Scholar

56.Bob Simcock, Ibid., vol.599, 2002, p.15247. Google Scholar

57.SeeRavenswood, ‘The Role of the State in Family-Friendly Policy’. Google Scholar